Adoption of U.N.

The allied nations, who fought against the axis powers in the second World War to destroy dictatorship and to secure democracy in the world, resolved to establish a new world organization rather than to revive the League of Nations. It was in London Declaration, held on 12 June, 1941 that, all nations who fought against Hitler’s regime, made an announcement for working together under a strong international organization. In addition to it , the great powers of the world also felt the need of such a global body which would be more effective and powerful than the League of Nations in all respects, so that the world community could restore and maintain international peace and security for all time, and the world could also be saved from horrors and terrors of wars and conflicts. The actual term of “United Nations” was primarily used by the President Franklin D. Roosevelt in the Declaration adopted in January, 1942. Thereafter, a series of global efforts were made after holding negotiations and meetings among the nations at different places of the world, specially for adoption of a world constitution inter alia an international organization. Finally, a proposed framework of such global system was framed in the meeting held in Washington in 1944, commonly known as the Dumbarton Oaks Preparatory Conference. This was the first concrete global step towards the creation of an international organization in the post Second World War, and subsequently, the said draft proposal was also discussed at the Yalta Conference held in February, 1945 in which all the heads of powerful countries like U.S.A., U.K. and Russia took part in the said deliberation. The draft charter of the United Nations was finally signed on 26 June, 1945 at the conference held in San Francisco, USA. The United Nations was also formally established on 24^th October, 1945 as an international organization.

 

       It is worth to mention that the contemporary human rights jurisprudence has gained its significance largely due to the global concern over the gross violations of human rights in the Second World War. Hence, the actual need for promotion and protection of rights and freedoms of individuals has become a post second world war consensus of the international community.